Tom Vesolich
RE/MAX Allegiance
5641 Burke Centre Pkwy
Burke, VA 22015
"each office
independently
owned"

Licensed in Virginia


 

Northern Virginia Real Estate Financing

Shopping For A Home Mortgage In Northern Virginia

Shopping around for a home loan or mortgage will help you to get the best financing deal. A mortgage—whether it’s a home purchase, a refinancing, or a home equity loan—is a product, just like a car, so the price and terms may be negotiable. You’ll want to compare all the costs involved in obtaining a mortgage.  Shopping, comparing, and negotiating may save you thousands of dollars.

Obtain Information from Several Lenders

Home loans are available from several types of lenders—thrift institutions, commercial banks, mortgage companies, and credit unions. Different lenders may quote you different prices, so you should contact several lenders to make sure you’re getting the best price. You can also get a home loan through a mortgage broker. Brokers arrange transactions rather than lending money directly; in other words, they find a lender for you. A broker’s access to several lenders can mean a wider selection of loan products and terms from which you can choose. Brokers will generally contact several lenders regarding your application, but they are not obligated to find the best deal for you unless they have contracted with you to act as your agent. Consequently, you should consider contacting more than one broker, just as you should with banks or thrift institutions.

Whether you are dealing with a lender or a broker may not always be clear.  Some financial institutions operate as both lenders and brokers. And most brokers’ advertisements do not use the word “broker.” Therefore, be sure to ask whether a broker is involved. This information is important because brokers are usually paid a fee for their services that may be separate from and in addition to the lender’s origination or other fees. A broker’s compensation may be in the form of “points” paid at closing or as an add-on to your interest rate, or both. You should ask each broker you work with how he or she will be compensated so that you can compare the different fees. Be prepared to negotiate with the brokers as well as the lenders.

Obtain All Important Cost Information

Be sure to get information about mortgages from several lenders or brokers. Know how much of a down payment you can afford, and find out all the costs involved in the loan. Knowing just the amount of the monthly payment or the interest rate is not enough. Ask for information about the same loan amount, loan term, and type of loan so that you can compare the information. The following information is important to get from each lender and broker:

Rates

Ask each lender and broker for a list of its current mortgage interest rates and whether the rates being quoted are the lowest for that day or week.

Ask whether the rate is fixed or adjustable. What is the difference between a fixed loan and adjustable rate mortgage. Keep in mind that when interest rates for adjustable-rate loans go up, so does the monthly payment.

If the rate quoted is for an adjustable-rate loan, ask how your rate and loan payment will vary, including whether your loan payment will be reduced when rates go down.

Ask about the loan’s annual percentage rate (APR). The APR takes into account not only the interest rate but also points, broker fees, and certain other credit charges that you may be required to pay, expressed as a yearly rate.

Points

Points are fees paid to the lender or broker for the loan and are often linked to the interest rate; usually the more points you pay, the lower the rate. Check your local newspaper for information about rates and points currently being offered. When you know what the loan amount is, ask for points to be quoted to you as a dollar amount—rather than just as the number of points—so that you will actually know how much you will have to pay.

Fees

A home loan often involves many fees, such as loan origination or underwriting fees, broker fees, and transaction, settlement, and closing costs. Every lender or broker should give you an estimate of its fees. Some of these fees may be negotiable. Some fees are paid when you apply for a loan, and others are paid at closing.

Ask what each fee includes. Several items may be lumped into one fee. Ask for an explanation of any fee you do not understand.

Down Payments and Private Mortgage Insurance

Downpayments can vary. Many lenders now offer loans that require less than 20 percent down. If a 20 percent down payment is not made, lenders usually require the home buyer to purchase private mortgage insurance (PMI) to protect the lender in case the home buyer fails to pay. When government-assisted programs such as FHA (Federal Housing Administration), VA (Veterans Administration), or Rural Development Services are available, the down payment requirements may be substantially smaller.

Ask about the lender’s requirements for a down payment, including what you need to do to verify that funds for your down payment are available.

Ask your lender about special programs it may offer.

Is PMI is required for your loan,

Ask what the total cost of the insurance will be.

Ask how much your monthly payment will be when including the PMI premium.

Ask how long you will be required to carry PMI.

Obtain the Best Deal That You Can ... Shop and  Compare.

When buying a home, remember to shop around, to compare costs and terms, and to negotiate for the best deal. Your local newspaper and the Internet are good places to start shopping for a loan. You can usually find information both on interest rates and on points for several lenders. Since rates and points can change daily, you’ll want to check often when shopping for a home loan. It doesn't hurt to talk to a loan officer at a bank. There is no obligation and they have all the current information.

Fair Lending Is Required by Law

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits lenders from discriminating against credit applicants in any aspect of a credit transaction on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, whether all or part of the applicant’s income comes from a public assistance program, or whether the applicant has in good faith exercised a right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act.

The Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination in residential real estate transactions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin.

Under these laws, a consumer cannot be refused a loan based on these characteristics nor be charged more for a loan or offered less favorable terms based on such characteristics.

Credit Problems? Still Shop, Compare, and Negotiate

Don’t assume that minor credit problems or difficulties stemming from unique circumstances, such as illness or temporary loss of income, will limit your loan choices to only high-cost lenders. If your credit report contains negative information that is accurate, but there are good reasons for trusting you to repay a loan, be sure to explain your situation to the lender or broker. If your credit problems cannot be explained, you will probably have to pay more than borrowers who have good credit histories. But don’t assume that the only way to get credit is to pay a high price. Ask how your past credit history affects the price of your loan and what you would need to do to get a better price. Take the time to shop around and negotiate the best deal that you can.

Whether you have credit problems or not, it’s a good idea to review your credit report for accuracy and completeness before you apply for a loan.

Glossary

Adjustable-rate loans, also known as variable-rate loans, usually offer a lower initial interest rate than fixed-rate loans. The interest rate fluctuates over the life of the loan based on market conditions, but the loan agreement generally sets maximum and minimum rates. When interest rates rise, generally so do your loan payments; and when interest rates fall, your monthly payments may be lowered.

Annual percentage rate (APR) is the cost of credit expressed as a yearly rate. The APR includes the interest rate, points, broker fees, and certain other credit charges that the borrower is required to pay.

Conventional loans are mortgage loans other than those insured or guaranteed by a government agency such as the FHA (Federal Housing Administration), the VA (Veterans Administration), or the Rural Development Services (formerly know as Farmers Home Administration, or FmHA).

Escrow is the holding of money or documents by a neutral third party prior to closing. It can also be an account held by the lender (or servicer) into which a homeowner pays money for taxes and insurance.

Fixed-rate loans generally have repayment terms of 15, 20, or 30 years.  Both the interest rate and the monthly payments (for principal and interest) stay the same during the life of the loan.

The interest rate is the cost of borrowing money expressed as a percentage rate. Interest rates can change because of market conditions.

Loan origination fees are fees charged by the lender for processing the loan and are often expressed as a percentage of the loan amount.

Lock-in refers to a written agreement guaranteeing a home buyer a specific interest rate on a home loan provided that the loan is closed within a certain period of time, such as 60 or 90 days. Often the agreement also specifies the number of points to be paid at closing.

A mortgage is a document signed by a borrower when a home loan is made that gives the lender a right to take possession of the property if the borrower fails to pay off the loan.

Overages are the difference between the lowest available price and any higher price that the home buyer agrees to pay for the loan. Loan officers and brokers are often allowed to keep some or all of this difference as extra compensation.

Points are fees paid to the lender for the loan. One point equals 1 percent of the loan amount. Points are usually paid in cash at closing. In some cases, the money needed to pay points can be borrowed, but doing so will increase the loan amount and the total costs.

Private mortgage insurance (PMI) protects the lender against a loss if a borrower defaults on the loan. It is usually required for loans in which the down payment is less than 20 percent of the sales price or, in a refinancing, when the amount financed is greater than 80 percent of the appraised value.

Thrift institution is a general term for savings banks and savings and loan associations.

Transaction, settlement, or closing costs may include application fees; title examination, abstract of title, title insurance, and property survey fees; fees for preparing deeds, mortgages, and settlement documents; attorneys’ fees; recording fees; and notary, appraisal, and credit report fees. Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the borrower receives a good faith estimate of closing costs at the time of application or within three days of application. The good faith estimate lists each expected cost either as an amount or a range.

Basic Information You Want  or Questions To Ask Regarding Loans

Type of Mortgage: fixed rate, adjustable rate, conventional, FHA, other? If adjustable, see below

Minimum down payment required

Loan term (length of loan)

Contract interest rate

Annual percentage rate (APR)

Points (may be called loan discount points)

Monthly Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) premiums

How long must you keep PMI?

Estimated monthly escrow for taxes and hazard insurance

Estimated monthly payment (Principal, Interest, Taxes, Insurance, PMI)

Fees -- Different institutions may have different names for some fees and may charge different fees.

Application fee or Loan processing fee

Origination fee or Underwriting fee

Lender fee or Funding fee

Appraisal fee

Attorney fees

Document preparation and recording fees

Broker fees (may be quoted as points, origination fees, or interest rate add-on)

Credit report fee

Other fees

Title search/Title insurance For lender ?  For you?

Estimated prepaid amounts for interest, taxes, hazard insurance, payments to escrow

State and local taxes, stamp taxes, transfer taxes

Flood determination

Prepaid Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)

Surveys and home inspections

Are any of the fees or costs waivable?

Prepayment penalties  Is there a prepayment penalty? If so, how much is it? How long does the penalty period last? (for example, 3 years? 5 years?)

Are extra principal payments allowed?

Lock-ins  Is the lock-in agreement in writing?

Is there a fee to lock-in?

When does the lock-in occur—at application, approval, or another time?

How long will the lock-in last?

If the rate drops before closing, can you lock-in at a lower rate?

If the loan is an adjustable rate mortgage: What is the initial rate?  What is the maximum the rate could be next year?

What are the rate and payment caps each year and over the life of the loan?
What is the frequency of rate change and of any changes to the monthly payment?
What is the index that the lender will use?
What margin will the lender add to the index?

All of the above information is subject to change. You must do your own research with lenders to get the current information on their loan programs.

Helpful information from HUD

© 1998 Tom Vesolich, All Rights Reserved
Licensed in Virginia
  703 569-3939